Various biological processes lead to the accumulation of mesenchymal characteristics from the epithelium. There are three types of biological processes that are the base of epithelial-mesenchymal transition cancer. Embryonic development is the first type. Regeneration of adult tissue is the second type. Lastly, cancer progression is the third stage.
The tumor is highly deregulated when it occurs during the progression of cancer. Whereas epithelial-mesenchymal transition cancer occurs during embryonic development, it is regulated. These tumor will turn into malignancy. The metastatic activity will increase gradually which leads to more invasive cancer.
Greenburg was the first clinical researcher to diagnose epithelial-mesenchymal transition cancer. The extracellular matrix is responsible for separating the adjacent tissue; the lamina is not responsible for the division. This article is about epithelial-mesenchymal transition cancer and how to treat it.
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Cancer Symptoms
The symptoms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition are quite confusing. It can lead to misdiagnosis of the disease. The progression of cancer will deteriorate the health and make the symptoms worse. Patients diagnosed with cancer at an early stage will be more likely to survive and have a proper treatment plan as compared to patients with delayed diagnosis.
Following are the symptoms commonly experienced by the patients suffering from epithelial-mesenchymal transition cancer:
- Lack of oxygen that leads to hypoxia
- Wound healing can be delayed
- Organ fibrosis is a factor
- Metabolic changes
- Weak immune system
- Chronic nausea and vomiting
- Lack of energy
- Fatigue and lethargy are experienced by the patients all the time
- Abnormal gait
- Cancer can spread to other parts of the body
If the symptoms are not addressed timely, it can lead to serious health issues and eventually death. Your healthcare professional will recommend some diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis.
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Cancer Radiology
The behavior of the tumor is detected with the help of fluorescent proteins. The metastatic regions are easily distinguished with the help of fluorescent techniques. They are also used to look at the tumor cells of the primary region. Several intrinsic factors are related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition cancer.
Tumor progression is the result of the microenvironment, which plays a major role in the advancement of the disease. Infiltration of the immune cells occurs in the inflammatory microenvironment. The inflammatory microenvironment usually occurs in colorectal cancer. The Mesenchymal marker switching system was developed by the researchers and cannot be reversed.
With the help of this system, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition is observed in the cancerous cells. This eventually helps the doctors to make a treatment plan for specific patients. More like a customized treatment therapy.
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Cancer Prognosis
The prognosis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a mechanism itself. There is no standard procedure to diagnose this disease accurately. Enhancement of the invasive properties among the tumor cells is highly common which can lead to disturbing outcomes for the patient.
The poor differentiation status can help us understand the mechanism of epithelial cells in the cancer progression and how it makes this transition. But still, a lot of research is required to confirm the theories. The epithelial cancers are known to be aggressive and metastasize rapidly.
The inducers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition cancer include the following:
- TGF-B
- Inflammatory cytokines
These are secreted by tumor-infiltrating cells. The cells of breast cancer can also undergo TGF-B that can eventually lead to epithelial-mesenchymal transition cancer. The lymphatic system will be targeted along with other body organ destruction. It resembles dendritic cells during inflammation.
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Cancer Treatment
There is clear evidence of the treatment therapy resistance in the case of epithelial-mesenchymal transition treatment. This cancer transition is associated with several other cancers. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are always considered the first-line treatments. But they are not suitable for all patients. The treatment plan should be devised according to the needs of each patient individually.
The research on stem cells and their use, in this case, is still ongoing. It is emphasized that the aggressive nature of cancer should be controlled along with enhancing the quality of life of the patient. A favorable niche can be created with the release of prostaglandin 2. It is seen that the patients who have been prescribed tamoxifen, in this case, have a high rejection rate by the body.