CancerWORLD

Incipient Caries Definition, Lesion, Stages, Location | Incipient caries vs Primary caries

What is Incipient Caries ?Incipient lesions, also known as caries, are the first signs of tooth decay and are caused by prolonged exposure to oral bacterial acids.The early stages of caries on teeth are known as incipient tooth decay or caries in early demineralization. Incipient lesions like these show up as white and dark spots...

Neisseria Subflava Characteristics, Gram stain, Habitat, Shape, Susceptibility

What is Neisseria Subflava?The genus Neisseria possesses numerous species that live in mammals, reptiles, and various environments. Members of this genus are typically Gram-negative diplococci. There are a few Neisseria species, including N. Weaveri, N. elongata, and N. Bacilliformis, that do not follow the typical diplococcus appearance and instead exist as chains of bacilli or...

Pfannenstiel Incision Definition, Location, Steps | Pfannenstiel incision vs Low transverse

The Pfannenstiel incision is favored by obstetricians because it allows for easy access to the gravid uterus via a curved incision through the skin and subcutaneous fat and a subsequent longitudinal incision in the linea alba. The general and urological surgeons also employ it for pelvic procedures including radical open prostatectomy and cystectomy.Over the past decade,...

Midbrain Function, Location, Structures | Benedikt vs Claude Syndrome vs Weber

What is Midbrain?The brainstem, which includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla, is made up of many nerves, routes, reflex centers, and nuclei. The midbrain, which measures only 1.5 cm in length, is the brainstem's most cranial component. It lies between the pons caudally (mesencephalic-pons fissure) and the diencephalon, which comprises the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and...

What is the JAK2 V617F mutation? – Test, Positive, Negative

What is the JAK2 V617F mutation?The Janus Kinase 2 gene, also known as JAK2 for short, is responsible for giving cells the instructions they need to produce the JAK2 protein. It is crucial for regulating the formation of blood cells in the bone marrow because this protein encourages cell growth and division. This test looks...

Ureteric Orifice Right & Left, Function, Obstruction, Cancer & Treatment

Ureteric Orifice Right & LeftThe renal pelvis is the starting point for the ureter, and the hilus at the kidney's medial border is where it exits the body. In the abdominal region, the ureter travels in a caudal, retroperitoneal fashion. The ureter passes intermurally between the urinary bladder's tunica muscularis and tunica mucosa before opening....

Agonal Rhythm Symptoms, Causes, ECG, Treatment | Agonal rhythm vs Pea

What is Agonal Rhythm?The word "Agonal" refers to several medical problems that are connected to death, including agonal respiration, the "agonal state" (the physical condition of the body right before death), and agonal rhythm. Agonal rhythm is a slow heartbeat that occurs near death. Agonal rhythms come from the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles),...

Bainbridge reflex Definition, Location, Mechanism | Bainbridge reflex vs Baroreceptor reflex

What is Bainbridge Reflex?In 1915, while conducting experiments on dogs, a scientist named Francis Arthur Bainbridge discovered this reflex. Bainbridge discovered that injecting the animal with blood or saline raised the heart rate. This event happened even in the absence of a rise in arterial blood pressure. He also found that when venous pressure was...

SFA Occlusion Right & Left, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

The superficial femoral artery (SFA) is distinctive in that it extends the entire length of the thigh without having any major side branches. The SFA is also vulnerable to a variety of forces, comprising flexion, contraction, extension, twisting, and compression, which change the flow dynamics.The SFA is a location of atherosclerotic disease that occurs in a...

Mckeown Esophagectomy Procedure, Steps, Technique, Compliactions

The McKeown Esophagectomy is a type of surgical treatment that involves the removal of the esophagus as well as the upper region of the stomach. It's used to help people who have esophageal cancer or other forms of esophageal illness. The esophagus connects the mouth and the stomach and is responsible for transporting food from...